Parvovirukset

Parvovirus coat protein homo60mer, Carnivore protoparvovirus 1.

Parvovirukset ovat parvoviridae-heimoon kuuluva virussuku. Parvovirukset ovat erittäin pienikokoisia, lineaarisia, segmentoitumattomia DNA-viruksia, genomaltaan keskimäärin 5 kbp. Parvovirukset ovat maailman pienimpiä luonnosta löytyviä viruksia (latinalainen nimi parvus tarkoittaa pientä), kooltaan 23–28 nm.

Yhdenkään parvovirusten perheen viruksen ei tunneta tarttuvan ihmiseen, mutta ihminen voi saada tartunnan kolmesta muusta parvovirusten perheen generasta. Ne ovat dependovirukset, erythrovirukset ja bocavirukset.

Alalajeja

Densovirinae (20 lajia)

• Genus Ambidensovirus; type species: Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1. Genus includes 11 recognized species that infect insects from multiple orders, crayfish (crustacea) or sea stars (echinoderms)
• Genus Brevidensovirus: type species: Dipteran brevidensovirus 1. Genus includes 2 recognized species that infect insects from the order Diptera
• Genus Hepandensovirus: type species: Decapod hepandensovirus 1. Genus includes a single species, infecting decapod shrimp
• Genus Iteradensovirus: type species: Lepidopteran iteradensovirus 1. Genus includes 5 recognized species that infect insects from the order Lepidoptera
• Genus Penstyldensovirus: type species: Decapod penstyldensovirus 1. Genus includes a single species, infecting decapod shrimp

Parvovirinae (57 lajia)

• Genus Amdoparvovirus: type species: Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1. Genus includes 4 recognized species, infecting mink, fox, racoon dogs and skunk
• Genus Aveparvovirus: type species: Galliform aveparvovirus 1. Genus includes a single species, infecting turkeys and chickens
• Genus Bocaparvovirus: type species: Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1. Genus includes 21 recognized species, infecting mammals from multiple orders, including primates
• Genus Copiparvovirus: type species: Ungulate copiparvovirus 1. Genus includes 2 recognized species, infecting pigs and cows
• Genus Dependoparvovirus: type species: Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A. Genus includes 7 recognized species, infecting mammals, birds or reptiles
• Genus Erythroparvovirus: type species: Primate erythroparvovirus 1. Genus includes 6 recognized species, infecting mammals, specifically primates, chipmunk or cows
• Genus Protoparvovirus: type species: Rodent protoparvovirus 1. Genus includes 11 recognized species, infecting mammals from multiple orders, including canines and primates
• Genus Tetraparvovirus: type species: Primate tetraparvovirus 1. Genus includes 6 recognized species, infecting primates, bats, pigs, cows and sheep

Parvovirinae perheen kahdeksasta tunnetusta muodosta viiden on todettu tarttuvan ihmiseen.

• I) Bocaparvovirus (e.g. human bocavirus 1)
• II) Dependoparvovirus (e.g. adeno-associated virus 2)
• III) Erythroparvovirus(e.g. parvovirus B19)
• IV) Protoparvovirus (e.g. bufavirus 1a)
• V) Tetraparvovirus (e.g. human parv4 G1)

Parvoviruksia ovat muun muassa koiran parvovirus ja kissarutto.